Severus Snape
by Gwen and Porphyria
Yes, Severus does seem the type, doesn't he? So useful to have him swooping around like an overgrown bat. -- Quirrell, Philosopher's Stone
Snape is widely thought one of the most intriguing characters of the books. His external nastiness combats his apparent internal honor to make him an endless conundrum. Love him, hate him, or feel indifferent to him, one can't help asking, "What is his issue?"
This FAQ is an attempt to catalogue Snape's possible issues. Snape is a major source of discussion on the list, so we've gathered up most of the burning questions that might cross your mind when you consider Snape.
Table of Contents
Essential Snape Posts
If you read only three posts about Snape -- well, you're hardly giving it a shot, are you? Still, here's three great ones to get you started.
Questions That Keep Coming Up
Snape's Past
Snape's Present
Spying and other Enigmas
Snape as a Professor
Snape's relationship with Sirius and Lupin
Snape's Future
A Snape Miscellany ~~A few other short topics that may be of interest
A Brief Glossary of Shorthand Terms
What I learned from doing the FAQ
Editors' Notes and Acknowledgements
Questions That Keep Coming Up
Snape's Past
Q. Why did Snape join the Death Eaters?
A. Various explanations have been proposed for this, such as Snape was attracted to the Death Eaters due to his interest in the Dark Arts, intellectual seduction by an evil mentor such as Lucius (Rita Winston: 3540), the influence of his friends (Rita Winston: 2014), his resentment over the Prank (Milz: 3537) and the influence of his family background (Christina Gross: 3868). People who subscribe to LOLLIPOPS (see Did Snape Love Lily?) often connect romantic rejection to his motivation for joining them.
All in the family. Rita Winston (1172) makes the imaginative speculation that Snape might have been Voldemort's own child, bred and raised to serve Voldemort's evil schemes. "That would explain why he, as a child, arrived at school with no social skills, an interest in the Dark Arts, and much knowledge of curses, why he became a Death Eater -- and even why he turned against the Dark Side: adolescent rebellion." Other listies also think family had something to do with it, but in less sensational ways. For instance, Jinx (3785) and Gwendolyn Grace (30732) speculate that his past probably includes some abuse in his upbringing (see also Margaret Dean: 29477, Gwen: 29478, 28878, Tabouli: 36578), and that joining the Death Eaters was his attempt at revenge or escaping to something better. Rebecca (33524) theorizes that maybe nothing in particular "drove" Snape to join the Death Eaters other than his family and their expectations. It would be an example of the moral of the story if Snape were in a position to go along with who he thought he was based on his heritage vs. making a choice to act differently. And Eloise (31259, 33668) suggests that Snape might have been interested in Dumbledore as a father figure and resented Sirius and James for what he saw as Dumbledore's apparent favoritism of them. Perhaps it was a craving for recognition from a more powerful wizard like Voldemort rather than evil intent per se that led him to the Death Eaters.
To beguile many and be beguiled by one. Various listies have suggested that Snape was lured into joining the Death Eaters by Lucius, Karkaroff or Voldemort himself, any of whom might have preyed on his vulnerabilities or his frustrations. CindySphynx (34690) suggests that Karkaroff might have been the old Head of Slytherin House who lured Snape in just at the time he felt betrayed by Dumbledore after the Prank incident, since Dumbledore didn't expel anyone over it and made Snape swear to secrecy about it. Snape probably joined hoping to finally get power and respect from Voldemort. Judy Serenity (34727) agrees that the Prank was the catalyst and adds that since there was a war on at the time and Snape felt his life was threatened by the Marauders and dismissed by Dumbledore, that he might have sided with Voldemort to save his life. And Pippin (34860) suggests that Snape might be born from the servant class or from Squibs. Then Voldemort, himself between classes, might have identified with his desire for a better class and lured him in by stroking his ego and promising to sweep the whole corrupt order away.
Did he identify with the Death Eaters in the first place? In message 14233, Tina suggests that he may have joined the Death Eaters for the express reason of becoming a spy. But Margaret Dean (14241) argues that it seems a more compelling characterization for Snape to have been tempted to join the Death Eaters because he is a naturally bitter and jealous person. She stipulates that he joined in order to satisfy a sense of self-worth by being part of the group. Parker (14262) agrees, saying that he might have been very committed upon joining. Monika (15372) adds that he was always fascinated by the Dark Arts and perhaps always had the desire to be a Death Eater. Susan (14927), Lea MacLeod (16035), and Lyda Clunas (16107) all support the idea that Snape's love of rules, authority, hierarchy, and his need to be part of Hogwarts indicate the "gang" mindset that would make membership in the highly organized Death Eaters appealing. And Mahoney (32638) remarks that he seems like such an elitist snob that he could believe that Malfoy, the Slytherin and purebloods are better. "I can see where his world view, as evinced by his reactions/opinions/expressions, indicate that he would have been all for a 'pureblood club' like the Death Eaters in the past." Back to top
Q. Why did Snape leave the Death Eaters?
Second to Snape's Task, and possibly tied with whether he loved Lily, this is the topic that has received the most attention on the list when it comes to Snape. Many of the theories on his defection and return to the side of light have amassed acronyms, and greater discussion is given to them in Inish Alley. However, here are some brief descriptions of popular notions. (See also, Why did he join the Death Eaters?, since these discussions are often linked.)
All for love. Many posit that perhaps someone Snape cared about was a victim of the Death Eaters, and the loss of that loved one is what turned his admiration of Voldemort into contempt. Theories vary as to who this person or persons might have been (see Is Snape Married?), but in general, they agree that he was fine with the Death Eater ideals until they struck home. However, Gwendolyn Grace (30732) argues that the death of loved ones cannot be a plausible explanation for why Snape left the Death Eaters. Her proof: Voldemort would not order the deaths of anyone Snape loved if he was already working for him; a failed affair would not change his mind about what the Death Eaters were doing; and to suggest that he left to prove his worth to someone he loved is a stretch.
Still, the theory is a favorite among listies, especially one subset of the list. Those who feel that Snape may have had some history with Lily (see Did Snape love Lily?) believe that it's possible she was also a catalyst for his leaving-specifically, learning that Voldemort was going to target the Potters. In Tabouli's defense of LOLLIPOPS in post 33258, she suggests that perhaps Snape was ordered to kill the Potter family and this triggered a crisis of conscience in him. She also argues (34741) that a Lily-motivated conversion doesn't have to be simple or trite. Lily's potential heartbreak might have been just what gave Snape the insight to realize that he was no better than those who had tormented him as a youth. Pippin (15216) wonders whether Snape may have tried to warn James and/or Dumbledore about Sirius and somehow blames himself that they didn't receive or listen to his warning, though that doesn't address why he warned them. The Lily theory, of course, makes Snape the source of the tip-off and in many cases makes that point central to their reasoning.
In message 34734 Marina argues against this theory, stating that for Dumbledore to trust Snape, he must hate what the Death Eaters stand for on principle, deep moral conviction, not just the whim of whom he had a crush on that month. Cindy (34758) adds that the Lily theory still wouldn't explain why he is willing to stick his neck out for Dumbledore like he does at the end of GoF. [While agreeing that Love of Lily was not reason enough alone, Marina and Cindy would eventually fork off into two divergent theories of their own, George and Big Bang respectively, see below.]
But Lily theorists argue their scenario addresses the issue of Dumbledore's trust. Judy Serenity (34739) argues that if Snape were merely unhappy with his position in Voldemort's ranks then Dumbledore would never trust him, but if his love of Lily caused him to suddenly have compassion for Voldemort's victims and brought home the fact that he was doing the wrong thing, then Dumbledore might count that as enough of a conversion to trust him. Judy (34857) then adds her own theory, hereafter known as EEWWWW, that Voldemort might have promised Lily to Snape as a trophy after the male Potters were killed. Then Snape was disgusted and plotted to try to save them instead. She feels that this explains why Voldemort gave Lily a chance to live, and also why Dumbledore wasn't more suspicious of Snape when he first switched sides. Pippin (34860) adds her own take on EEWWWW by suggesting that it was Lily's idea to get Snape to ask Voldemort for her life, and then by deliberately choosing to sacrifice herself she caused the magic protection spell on Harry.
While some claim that Snape is too intellectual to be swayed by love of Lily, Tabouli (35698) counters this by pointing out all his emotional moments in canon. She posits that he was probably more emotional in his youth, joined the Death Eaters for the opportunity to punish those he hated (like MWPP). Then his rational side emerged (see George below) and he realized he was no better than those he was trying to punish. At that point he let Lily become his moral compass, realizing that she would hate him for becoming one of the bullies whom she used to defend him against. Realizing she was in danger from Voldemort finally sent him back to Dumbledore. This decision was principled because he was trying to save her to be happy with her family, not get her for himself.
Prince of Lies (See also the Hypothetic Alley summary.) CindySphynx (34690), on the other hand, offers a far more Slytherinish theory as to why Snape might have left the Death Eaters. She speculates that having joined the DEs in the first place out of sheer ambition, Snape might have found Voldemort to be the "Prince of Lies" who would never give Snape the power and respect he desires. So he goes to Dumbledore, repents and Dumbledore, needing proof, gets Snape to arrange an ambush of his old friends, who are then killed or apprehended by Moody. She suggests the real reason he hates Sirius so much is that the Prank was the catalyst for his joining the DEs in the first place and thus the reason he endured so much suffering. Judy Serenity (34727) argues that in fact Snape possesses many skills which might have been valued by Voldemort, and there's no evidence of where he was in the hierarchy before he turned spy. She adds that of all of Snape's friends, only two were killed before Voldemort's fall and that none of the incarcerated DEs, least of all Karkaroff, were aware that Snape was a traitor to them. Cindy (34728) replies that the Lestranges and Avery were apprehended then freed before Voldemort's fall, which still fits in with her ambush theory. Of course the other DEs wouldn't know if Snape had tipped off an Auror, that's the point.
Cindy (34752) refines her Prince of Lies theory, arguing that Snape would have left the DEs because he realized they were only using him for his talents, but not really respecting him (much like Voldemort doesn't respect Wormtail). Also he might originally have thought they stood for some cause like purity of blood but in reality they just tortured muggles. In this theory he would have left after perhaps being mistreated himself and joined with Dumbledore as a way to enact revenge against them. Marina (34754) counters that Prince of Lies would not account for why he is still willing to stick his neck out for Dumbledore like he does at the end of GoF. Cindy admits this (34758) and adds that the Lily theory wouldn't explain it either. She adds a new element to her theory called "mercy" which posits that perhaps Snape owes Dumbledore a life-debt and must keep on defending him for this reason.
Spy now, turn away later. Pippin (34860) spins her own elaborate theory of Snape's origins and motivations. She posits that Snape might have discovered that Voldemort's quest for eternal life involved sacrificing the lives of wizards as well as muggles, perhaps by using the venom of a snake fed on wizards for an elixir. He defected first, just seeking revenge, and only later properly reformed under Dumbledore's influence.
Not the groveling type. Others link Snape's defection to qualities inherent in his own personality. Margaraeta (35617) remarks that Snape isn't the type to take orders or be a sheep to Voldemort, and that requirement probably turned him off. "Independent people have a hard time with taking orders without having much input in them." Similarly, Debbie (37699), responding to Marina's characterization of Snape as a control freak, agrees and argues that Snape's unwillingness to follow and grovel probably made him temperamentally unsuited to following Voldemort.
Not Why? so much as How suddenly? One of the major arguments that sprang up on the list over Snape's conversion posed the question of whether he changed for a sudden reason, due to some cataclysmic event, a "Big Bang" as it were, or whether he changed gradually as the result of accrued conviction. A SnapeTheory named George. (See also the Hypothetic Alley summary.)
Marina (34762, 35541) originates a theory she calls George in which she suggests that Snape's decision to leave the DEs was motivated by a gradual process of realizing how despicable they were. George states that Snape joined the DEs willingly, not as the result of any one event, but as the culmination of smaller experiences: being nasty, unpopular, proficiency in the Dark Arts, Prank etc., each being one of many. He turned again as the result of a gradual realization that they were evil, selfish, corrupt, etc., on the basis of intellectual and philosophical conviction, not an emotional pull, although revulsion towards the DE atrocities helped.
Elkins (35196) engages Marina in a quibble over the extent to which her theory suggests that Snape never had a taste for killing and torturing; she feels that he obviously has a taste for these things but his intellect contrasts with his instincts. Marina (35208) maintains that Snape's instincts must contrast to the unreformed DEs: "A predilection for reducing people to quivering globs of jelly through dark threats, deadly insults and viciously clever mind games is not the same as a predilection for reducing people to quivering globs of jelly through pulling their intestines out through their left nostril." She feels he must have joined the DEs figuring torturing Muggles was fun and only afterwards realized that it wasn't, that it was evil. Porphyria (35320) argues that Snape has protective impulses along with his sadistic ones; the text portrays him as conflicted here too. He's never violent (except when Lockhart invites him) but he indulges in psychological torture all the time, so it's obvious he makes a sharp distinction between the two. Elkins (35360) replies that this is exactly what makes her think he is instinctively sadistic, and he has merely sublimated it in the present, trying to keep himself from sinking back to his old bad habits. She (35706) offers that Snape might have always truly enjoyed being sadistic, but got to the point where he had to admit he wasn't doing it for any 'good' reason (like purity of blood, overthrowing the status quo), but merely because he liked it. This would gradually grate on his moral integrity and cause him to reconsider altogether whether he could justify his actions.
George's sister Diana. Eloise (35547) offers her own theory, which she first calls Steady State, then later Diana. Diana has a familial resemblance to George, but deals slightly differently with Snape's belief in evil. According to this theory, Snape started out, due to his background and school experiences, believing that good and evil were meaningless concepts (i.e. he didn't identify with evil per se, only power). He later went back to Dumbledore as a result of a growing awareness that yes, good and evil do exist. By living with the consequences of his decision he discovered how simplistic the DE philosophy was, and it didn't sit well with him because he's too much of a thinker. His soul is still conflicted to the extent that he doesn't enjoy being on the Light Side, but stays there out of conviction. Eloise (35854) takes note of the Aristotelian and Kantian issues concerning a conversions like Snape's, and Allison (35868) adds that Kant is the 'Snapiest' philosopher. Big Bang, a theory substantial enough to swallow the entire Potterverse. (See also the Hypothetic Alley summary.)
None of these gradual recognition theories are enough to satisfy CindySphynx. She (34737, 34766) argues (against George) that such a drastic change on Snape's part would have required a drastic catalyst to make it happen. Sudden changes require sudden events; this is the way JKR depicts present character changes-of-heart, presumably she applies the same idea to backstories. Following this line of thought, Cindy proposes Big Bang (35533). In general Big Bangers believe that characters in the Potterverse are motivated to change their lives only by huge, catalytic events. "If we can't imagine a climactic, Oscar-worthy scene in which a character chooses a dramatically different path because of a Big Event, then the theory won't fly under Big Bang. We have no use for fuzzy lens shots, montage sequences or soliloquies where characters stare off into space and develop a new perspective on their circumstances. No, Big Bangers chew the scenery. People who drift off to buy popcorn before a Big Bang scene are going to be completely lost for the rest of the story."
Regarding Snape, Big Bang posits that he joined because of the Prank and he returned because he couldn't let himself betray James due to the life-debt. "Voldemort makes clear to Snape that he is going to kill the Potters, and there is a Big climactic moment (see, there are many climactic moments in Big Bang) where Voldemort requires Snape to betray James. ::insert climactic scene in which Voldemort tortures Snape for failing to deliver the Potters:: Snape at that moment shifts his allegiance to Dumbledore, unbeknownst to Voldemort, of course." Once on Dumbledore's side, he had to organize a big, bloody ambush to prove his loyalty. (35562) Back to top
Q. Was Snape in love with Lily?
Many have wondered if Snape's grudge against James, and thereby Harry, point to any history between him and Lily. This theory is eternally popular because it has great dramatic appeal, it can be used to explain nearly every mystery about Snape, and there is nothing in canon so far that disproves it -- for many it's the instinctual assumption. On HPfGU, this theory has come to be known by the acronym LOLLIPOPS (Love of Lily left ire polluting our poor Severus). (See also the Hypothetic Alley summary.) This theory has its detractors as well; they generally point out that 1) canon already gives lots of reasons for Snape to hate James and Harry 2) an unrequited 'crush' plot is trite and sappy and doesn't provide enough depth to justify Snape's decisions and 3) JKR would never write something that obvious.
This issue is often raised in reply to other Snape questions, such as Why did he leave the Death Eaters?, Why did he join the Death Eaters?, and Why does he hate Harry so much?
Back in message 1642, Amanda suggested that Snape's complicated dislike for Harry could have been the result of his being in love with Lily. Dr. MM (1806) expands on the idea, noting that 1) Snape's hatred of James can't be explained by Quidditch rivalry alone, but romantic rivalry just might be enough, and 2) Snape would thus have deeply mixed feelings about Harry (who resembles James, but is still Lily's son) and this could explain why Snape normally torments Harry but occasionally risks his own life to save Harry's. Amanda (1812) elaborates that this situation could also account for Dumbledore's trust in Snape. Rita Winston (3523) adds that a Snape/Lily connection can be used to explain why Snape left the Death Eaters -- if he realized that Voldemort intended to harm the Potters, he might have been the spy who leaked that information to Dumbledore in an attempt to save Lily's life. Amanda (3546) suggests that if he knew that Voldemort was really after Harry, he might blame Harry for Lily's death and thus that would be another reason to resent him. She elaborates on the ways this situation could have inflected Snape's whole spying career (8543). Lisa Mclean (16305) states her support of the Lily triangle, stating that seeing one's rival's son every day is enough to explain Snape's attitude.
Tabouli, always eager to defend LOLLIPOPS (28782), discusses (33258) Snape's character as a youth and how he might have appreciated Lily's kindness. She provides all the indirect canonical evidence supporting how LOLLIPOPS could be possible and why it's such a tempting theory for so many. She points out (33401) that James and Lily's wedding could easily have coincided with Snape's joining the Death Eaters in the first place and thus been a contributing factor, and that Snape's defection from the Death Eaters could easily have coincided with Harry's birth and his targeting by Voldemort, and thus have been an effort to protect the family. Snape might blame Harry for causing his mother's death. She counters (34823) suggestions that LOLLIPOPS is mushy and trite, arguing that JKR would be able to handle it well without being corny, plus if it was an unrequited crush, it could be more angst-ridden than romantic. To those who suggest that this wouldn't provide enough motivation to explain Snape's behavior, she adds that LOLLIPOPS is not intended to explain everything he does, it just adds an extra layer of complexity. It can coexist with other theories. And she refines (37933) the proposed timeline, arguing that if Snape fell in love with Lily, it would have happened after the Prank.
Others agree. Mary (34922) remarks that Dumbledore's refusal to tell Harry why he trusts Snape is the best argument for it having something to do with Lily; Harry is too young to process this information rationally and it certainly implies that it was something Snape told Dumbledore in the strictest confidence. Margaret Dean (35003) replies that mere friendship with her would not account for his hatred of Harry and James.
On the other hand, there are those who detest this idea. In post 3226 Christina points out that there are already good reasons for Snape to hate James (basic rivalry, the Prank) and that Lily might have only been a contributing factor. Amy Z (8607) expresses a similar view that Snape's hatred for Harry is explained already due to Harry's propensity for breaking rules and his similarity to James. Catherine counters (33220) that since she was a Mudblood, he likely wouldn't have liked or been attracted to her, and she wouldn't have liked someone who hated James so much. Cindy (34839) adds that Snape is too tough to be motivated by a crush. If he left the Death Eaters on account of Lily it would have to be for a more compelling reason, like he owes her a life debt, too. But since, he already owes James one, owing Lily one would be unnecessary. She discusses a potential timeline of Snape's spying career vis a vis the Potters (34848). Koinonia (34960) argues that only a loser would remain bitter so many years after an unrequited crush and Snape doesn't seem like a loser. She wonders if there was some other tragic love story in his past instead. And Eric Oppen (35002) suggests that Snape and Lily might have been just friends.
In message 10873, Dave Hardenbrook expressed his view that a Lily/Snape romance is too "Soap-Opera-ish," but he elaborated on another possible take on the theory, which postulates that Snape and Lily were siblings, half-siblings or cousins, and that Snape considered himself her "protector." This would account for nearly all the same things such as Snape's resentment of James for endangering her life, his turn from the DEs to protect her, etc. Cheryl (23206) considers the 'Snape and Lily are relatives' theory. She remarks that he must have split from the family at a young age and/or Petunia knows more than she admits about her family. She cites the anagram "Severus Snape" = "Perseus Evans" (this was mentioned in post 14475, and also in later posts by other members, See 'Miscellaneous').
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Q. Was there more to Sirius' Prank than what we've heard? Did Snape do something to provoke Sirius?
Lots of readers are willing to imagine a backstory that will put the Prank in a more compelling context than the sketchy one we get in canon.
Cherchez la femme: Scott (19431) speculates that Florence, the girl caught kissing someone behind the greenhouse by Bertha Jorkins, could have been Sirius' girlfriend and it was Snape she was kissing; hence Sirius' retaliation in the Prank. Charis Julia (35144) also proposes that Snape was in love with Sirius' girlfriend and that might have accounted for their animosity. This theory came to be called C.U.P.I.D.'S.B.L.U.D.G.E.R. CindySphynx backs her up (35156) by suggesting this mysterious girl was Florence from the Pensieve; but she suggests Florence was dating Snape but cheating with Sirius. In any case, the bitterness over romantic rivalry eventually led up to the Prank.
What's love got to do with it? Eileen (33857) suggests that perhaps Sirius was trying to get Lupin to bite Snape to make him into a werewolf himself, to teach him a lesson for his arrogance and bigotry. And it would keep him from telling anyone else the truth about Lupin if he were similarly afflicted. And Tex (34751) tries to get Sirius off the hook by suggesting that perhaps Snape slipped him some Veritaserum to get him to tell where Lupin went every month. But Judy (34767) counters that in that case he would also have most likely asked him why, and thus found out about the lycanthropy beforehand.
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Snape's Present: Spying and other Enigmas
Q. What was Snape's task at the end of Goblet of Fire? Is he going to rejoin the Death Eaters to spy again?
At the end of GoF, Harry wonders if Snape has gone back to the Death Eaters and taken up his old job of spy once again. Readers find this the most obvious suggestion, but it's hotly disputed as well (Keith Fraser: 7878) since it is quite possible that Snape's cover has long since been blown (see What Voldemort Knows). Also see message 18196, wherein MMMfanfic gives a great summary of the spy theory pro/con. Here are some highlights:
What little we do know. Charmian summarizes what we know about the task (15465), saying that it is something Dumbledore wants kept mysterious; that they planned it some time ago; that Snape is nervous about doing it; and that it doesn't take long, because he returns without missing any classes or the feast. Koinonia (15991) agrees with a post of Amanda's that Dumbledore and Snape clearly conferred well in advance, and perhaps spoke during the year as Snape felt Voldemort's presence growing stronger. Amanda uses this evidence to argue that the only plan they could have had over so long would be returning to spy. Playing devil's advocate, Pippin (15594) points out that there may have been more time between discovering Barty and sending Snape on his way than Amanda thinks. In fact, Koinonia's post (15991) goes on to play the lack of time against the spy theory, saying that Dumbledore did not have time to brief Snape on what happened and asserting that he would need to know in order to go back.
But that's just what JKR wants us to think! Chris (15827) argues against this spy theory, citing the fact that Harry wonders this himself as evidence that Snape has done anything but. CindySphynx (30783) concurs, stating her main objection is "that JKR laid the foundation for this in such a straightforward way. It is almost like she wants us to spend two years selling ourselves on the idea and then ... she's going to pull a fast one. " Dave Frankis (30796) also feels that making Snape back into a spy would be too obvious for JKR, but admits there's a distinction between making a an argument from within the Potterverse and one from the perspective of literary probability. And Porphyria (41072) points out that, whatever the textual pros or cons, Snape can always go back and spy if that's what JKR wants him to do.
OK, what else could he be doing? The Snape-as-spy detractors don't tend to spend a lot of time refuting it as a theory. They concentrate instead on the OTHER things Snape could be doing, and here's a discussion of those ideas.
Well, he is the Potions Master. Many counter-theories revolve around potions, and in particular, the Polyjuice Potion. Ellie (1240) and Ivis (15518) suggest that Snape could return disguised as Crouch Jr., since Voldemort does not know that he has been Kissed. Others have remarked that Snape and Dumbledore seem to have agreed on the task before they had any idea that Crouch Jr. was still alive (Paul Kippes, 1250; Amanda) so it must be something having nothing to do with this. Amanda (15584) reminds us that Polyjuice only lasts for one hour and thus it would be easy for Voldemort to check against it, and further states that since Voldemort knew about the Polyjuice plan in Barty's case, he might well begin checking as a precaution. In 15586, she further dissects the "Polyjuiced-as-Crouch-Jr." theory, reviewing the timing of the incident. She notes that Crouch has only been revealed a few hours at most before Dumbledore sends Snape on his mission, and once again states that that mission is clearly part of a long-standing plan, adding: "Dumbledore and Snape ... had no time at all to have heads together and alter their plan." She does go on to concede that it's possible, but cites its improbability both externally (from outside the books) and internally (from the POV of the characters). Suki (15590) wonders whether because of the Dementors' relationship with Voldemort, they might tell or have told him about Kissing Barty. Eileen (30681) doesn't think he'll be able to Polyjuice himself into Crouch Jr. because the ministry will be too eager to pin Cedric's death on Crouch.
Echo (15637) submits that Snape may use Polyjuice to disguise himself as a Dementor, though for what purpose, Echo doesn't say. MMMFanfic (15716) commends Echo's originality, but wonders whether Dementors can be classified as human (recalling that PJP is only meant to be used for human transformations). Magda (15854) half-jokingly suggests that Snape must brew Polyjuice and disguise himself as Harry as bait. Samaporn (15859) applauds Magda's ingenuity, but wonders why such a ruse would be necessary. Doreen (15809) also postulates that Snape's task has to do with the Dementors and Polyjuice. She wonders whether Snape may switch places with Barty and go with the Dementors to Azkaban for some reason, possibly to be more convincing as Barty, possibly some other goal. Finwitch (37685) suggests he might be going back to Azkaban to rid it of the Dementors. She points to the fact that Dumbledore asked Fudge to do the same and he refused. David Frankis says much the same thing in 30796.
MMMFanfic (12456) also remarked on the prevalence of potions as plot devices in the books, and speculated that Snape's mission might have something to do with his knowledge of the potion that restored Voldemort to his body. April gc (17483) adds that if Snape goes back to the Death Eaters, his job might involve brewing life-extending potions for Voldemort. Rita Winston (19909) counters that he might make other potions for them instead, like will-controlling potions. Meril (15828) goes back to Voldemort's disappearance and transformation, and wonders whether Snape may go away for a while to undergo a similar type of metamorphosis into someone new, giving himself a completely new identity with which he will continue his old work.
The Lucius angle. Lynn (15875) concedes that she believes the spy explanation most plausible, but nevertheless offers up another possibility. She theorizes that Snape could set out to blackmail Lucius Malfoy and go through him to Voldemort. She explains that this could still be dangerous because Malfoy might betray him, but posits that there may be webs within webs of secrets among the DE's and that in addition, this task may serve to bring in information about MWPP that otherwise the readers might not access. Chris (15827) also theorizes that Snape may use himself as bait for a powerful DE such as Malfoy, and MMMFanfic (15969)echoes Chris. Similarly, Elizabeth Dalton (32642) suggests that perhaps he's going to spy on one of the other DE's, rather than on Voldemort himself. Lea Mcleod (17115) asks whether Lucius knows about Snape's loyalty, and Dinah answers her (17317) with a theory and a warning that the theory only works if Snape is indeed the "one who left forever." The theory: that Snape was at the graveyard, and his chief concern over Lucius Malfoy was that Malfoy would have informed Voldemort already that Snape is teaching at Hogwarts, therefore, possibly, blowing his cover. And Amanda (17437) reads Snape's sudden movement as being indicative of his task having something to do with Malfoy (see Sudden Movement).
Cousins in Translyvania? Magda Grantwitch (20269) speculates that if Snape is really a vampire (see Is Snape Human?) that his 'task' may be to stop taking whatever potion inhibits the condition, thus rendering himself more dangerous against Voldemort. Koinonia (20262) speculates that if Snape were a vampire or a dhampir (vampire child), perhaps it gives him some special ability to track Voldemort, who has vampire qualities himself (immortality). Kelley agrees (20412).
Odd jobs. Margaret (14294) suggests that his task may be to contact other undercover agents and reestablish an information network that was in place during VWI. Rena (15845) asks whether it's possible that Snape might be going to the ministry to prove that Sirius Black is innocent. Melaine (30911) adds that Snape might have had to cut his arm off to rid himself of the dark mark.
Countering the suggestion that Snape must go back to Voldemort or risk exposing his true loyalties, Dave Frankis remarks (30796) that Dumbledore could still have other uses for Snape that we don't know about and the other DEs already know that Dumbledore controls Hogwarts, so Snape's presence there would be nothing new to them. "We don't know enough of
Dumbledore's wider plans to know how Snape might be useful; although
the DEs may be after Snape, V himself is not yet that powerful and it
surely is possible for Snape to undertake quiet extra-Hogwarts
missions that may be risky but not necessarily suicide."
These are the major theories on his task. But who knows? JKR assuredly has plans of her own.
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Q. Does Voldemort suspect that Snape was a spy?
If Snape is planning to spy again, can he still get away with it? What does Voldemort know about Snape after spending a whole year inside Quirrell's head? Was Snape 'outed' during Karkaroff's plea bargain? Who exactly does know that Snape was a spy -- and who believes it? Let's take these in turn.
The Quirrell quandary: "Where your loyalties lie." Snape worked very hard to protect Harry and the Philosopher's Stone in PS/SS. Quirrell certainly noticed. Did Voldemort notice too? Did Snape leave himself an out? Many readers remark on Snape's vagueness in dealing with Quirrell and suggest this leaves a lot of room for interpretation. As Morine puts it (7867): "We don't know all of what Snape said to Quirrell. From what I recall he just asked how far Quirrell had gotten. For all Voldemort knows, Snape was just trying to get to the Stone himself." Amy Z agrees (14317) that Snape passing himself off as an opportunist for himself--or for Voldemort--is the most likely explanation for his dealings with Quirrell. She speculates that he might have implied to Quirrell that he is also looking for the stone for Voldemort, and that the 'where your loyalties lie' comment may be meant to confuse Quirrell. Quirrell could have told Snape that he was working for Voldemort, but Snape was vague enough that he can't be sure Snape means Dumbledore or Voldemort by his conversation. Amanda (17472) agrees that Snape never needed to know that Quirrell was working for Voldemort. Porphyria (41072) attempts a summary of Snape's ambiguous treatment of Quirrell, demonstrating how this could indicate that he's deliberately trying to stop Quirrell from doing evil without risking blowing his "cover" as a "reformed" Death Eater. This suggests that Snape was all along keeping open the possibility that he could go back and spy and he still can if that is, indeed, what Dumbledore (and JKR) wants him to do.
Not all agree so easily. MMMfanfic remarks (18196) that the plot of PS/SS cannot easily be resolved. "Especially the line -- 'When you have time to decide where your loyalty lies' seems to suggest strongly that Snape did know that the Dark side was involved in some way. Secondly, Voldemort didn't trust Snape enough in PS/SS to let him learn the fact that he's occupying Quirrell's body, suggesting that Voldemort is at least uncertain about Snape's loyalty." But perhaps this can be explained too. Eileen (30681) agrees that after living a whole year at Hogwarts, Voldemort must have noticed that Snape was not particularly loyal to him, but she counters that this would have been no worse than the other DEs who accused each other. She feels he might still be able to talk his way back in by citing an inability to get away from Dumbledore as an excuse for his lateness. Similarly, Eloise (39844) notes that Voldemort didn't reveal his identity to any of the former DEs while he was in Quirrell's body, and probably didn't want to be seen in such weakened condition.
But Debbie (39904) argues that Voldemort had his doubts about Snape since before the beginning of PS/SS and probably suspected him from the time the Potters resorted to the Secret-Keeper charm. If nothing else, the fact that he saved Harry's life during the first Quidditch match should have alerted Voldemort that something was amiss.
Those two hundred wizards: "Snape has been cleared by this council."
Snape might have bigger problems if he expects to get back in Voldemort's good graces, such as the bombshell that was revealed at Karkaroff's plea bargain.
Milz (3874) speculates that maybe Snape's name was edited out of the official record from Karkaroff's hearing. Likewise, Lyda Clunas (16789) suspects that while Bagman's trial was public, Karkaroff's must have been more private. She notes that Rita Skeeter is not pointed out, and that the observers are referred to as a council. She also points out that it's likely that Snape went directly to Dumbledore, rather than turning state's evidence after being apprehended--unlike Karkaroff. She concludes: "aside from the mention at Karkaroff's trial ... I think that Snape's work as a DE was kept highly under-wraps."
Rita Winston, however, notes that there were many people at Karkaroff's hearing (15721). Though she acknowledges there is no mention of Skeeter, she wonders whether there were any other reporters, or if perhaps Harry simply didn't notice her. But Molly (36294) (and many others) suggests that the court was put under a 'Confidentiality Charm' since it would seem that no one else knows. Porphyria (36295) argues that Dumbledore didn't 'out' Snape, but had previously needed to announce his spying to the MoM to free Snape from prosecution. Cindy (36296) argues the same thing and provides a complicated backstory theorizing that Dumbledore needed to give evidence against Sirius in order to exonerate Snape. And Eloise argues (36326) that it could not be common knowledge that Snape was a spy, no matter what was said in the Pensieve, since neither Sirius, Fudge or any parents seem aware of it.
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Q. Can Snape convince Voldemort to trust him again? Can he explain his absence at the graveyard? Would Voldemort want him back after so many years of working for Dumbledore?
I'm late, I'm late. Since it's impossible to Apparate out of Hogwarts, and difficult to leave in a hurry without Dumbledore noticing, Snape could use this to explain why he didn't respond to Voldemort's summons right away. Amy Z points this out (8607), and it is echoed by Catherine (17331) and Eileen (30681). But Rita Winston (15775) says that this is essentially a non-issue, since Voldemort knows they can't Apparate from school.
An offer no one can refuse. Having a loyal servant who is close to Dumbledore might be more than Voldemort can resist even if he doesn't entirely trust Snape. This viewpoint is held by Amy Z (7904) who feels that perhaps in spite of everything Snape can convince Voldemort to let him back into the DEs because having a loyal servant at Hogwarts would be too valuable to refuse.
Catherine (17331), Amanda (17472), and Jo (34609) agree. On the other hand, having Snape in position to spy may be exactly what Dumbledore needs, as Gwendolyn Grace argues 31100. In fact, perhaps Snape must return to spy, as the alternative is to reveal that he has in fact crossed over to Dumbledore's team (Gwendolyn Grace 15274, 17575, 30732; Catherine, 17331). However, Koinonia (15991) states that she believes Voldemort's mood to be dangerous and that Snape might become a target for that anger simply by showing up; hence it's an unacceptable risk. Amy Z (15321) compares Snape to Peter, citing Sirius' comment that many Azkaban prisoners blame Peter for Voldemort's downfall, and theorizing that Snape may be held accountable as well, adding to that risk.
Powers of persuasion. Amy Z (7904) suggests that Snape can convince Voldemort that he is loyal to him, since even Voldemort is not entirely sure that Snape has left forever. This is echoed by a number of people, including Gwendolyn Grace (15274), Amanda (15299), Eileen (30681), and Jo (34609), who each cite some version of either the doubt inherent in Voldemort's statement, "I believe," or the comparison Snape can make to other Death Eaters who denied their past in some way to avoid punishment. Gwen, Amanda, and Amy Z all foresee some torture for Snape as a test of loyalty, as well. On the other hand, Stacy (17340) argues that it will be exceedingly difficult for Snape to get Voldemort to trust him, a point echoed by Rita (15775).
Voldemort's own account: "One, who I believe has left me forever." Did Voldemort mean Snape when he made his famous remark?
In message 7887 Amy Winters remarks that not every Death Eater was introduced and maybe more than three living ones are missing. Perhaps Voldemort didn't mean Snape when he mentioned the one who had left him forever. However, Machenback (7901) cites a book reading in which JKR herself specified that Snape was the one who had left forever, but not to worry about him because "he's tough."
But many posters feel that Voldemort's statement about the coward and the traitor is ambiguous at best. Inyron (15324) explains that Karkaroff and Snape are almost certainly the two people indicated, but it's not clear who is the coward and who is the deserter. Karkaroff's flight could be seen either way. Inyron wonders how many people within the Death Eater ranks really know about Snape's betrayal. Variations come from Koinonia (15815), Catherine (15825, 17331), Elizabeth Dalton (32642), and Jo (34609). Rita Winston rejects this interpretation (15775) saying that he must have received reports about his supporters well before the meeting, and is drawing conclusions about Snape and Karkaroff not because they aren't there, but because of what he's already heard about them. Koinonia (15815) puts forth that Karkaroff is the coward, after all, because he acts more like a coward than Snape.
"He lies... He lies..." Voldemort can always tell when someone's lying: he says so. Or can he? Amanda fears that Snape's cover would definitely be blown if Voldemort uses Veritaserum (15299), but doubts he will--Voldemort's belief that he is infallible at detecting falsehood in others may be his "fatal flaw" that allows Snape to survive and rejoin the circle (17472). In that same post, she also speaks to Voldemort's vanity, and posits that Snape can flatter him into accepting Snape back. And Judy Serenity (34623) also uses the term "fatal flaw" in reference to Voldemort's ability to perceive lies. However, many detractors of Snape-as-spy do give Voldemort's claims credence.
Little things mean a lot. Here are some additional arguments Snape could use, if he had access to our listies' productive minds. Amanda (15299) points out that Snape can claim credit for planting James's doubts about his friends, leading him to pick Peter as Secret-Keeper. She further puts forth that if he can get past Voldemort, the others will have little recourse to hinder him. Amy Z (15321) allows that Voldemort may be willing to accept Snape, reasoning that the backfired curse seemed to be a complete shock to everyone, including Voldemort, and therefore Snape could not be responsible for missing what Voldemort himself could not predict. Gwendolyn Grace (30732) says that if he does not return to Voldemort, he risks losing the trust of the Slytherin students (through their parents' reports), and that since he will be a "marked man," Dumbledore wouldn't be able to use him for anything else outside of Hogwarts. She also states (31100) that Snape-as-spy satisfies the good/evil archetype, specifically foreshadowing an upcoming battle, and the need for information about the opposing side. On the other hand, Rita Winston (15721) contradicts Amanda, stating that unless Voldemort orders the Death Eaters not to harm Snape, he may still be in for some vengeance from them, but also points out that they will only want revenge if they know he had something to do with harming them or their master. And Stacy (17340) wonders whether he'd be able to be a potions professor while he was busy being involved with Voldemort.
A double-double-cross! But maybe none of our worries matter. Maybe Snape planned it out all along. Vlatka (15760) theorizes that Voldemort may have authorized his original double agent role, and Snape's true change of heart may have come later without Voldemort realizing. Catherine points out that Voldemort may have placed Snape close to Dumbledore in the first place (17331), and Gwendolyn Grace echoes both (30732). Eloise (34607) similarly argues that Snape must have been a double agent, letting Voldemort think he was spying on Dumbledore. This would explain both why he could convince Voldemort that he had been biding his time, staying in Dumbledore's good graces, and also why the other DEs in Azkaban didn't believe that he had betrayed them they way Wormtail did. Laura (34640) suggests that Voldemort might be happy to take Snape back knowing he's a mole with the intention of feeding him misleading information. Rosenatti (34645) remarks that surely Dumbledore and Snape would have anticipated this already, but there is Karkaroff to worry about. He knows Snape spied for Dumbledore and he's not afraid of naming names to save his own skin; he will surely rat on Snape to any DEs who will listen. Still, Cindy (34647) argues that this could all be subsumed under Snape's plan to let Voldemort think he's been spying for him all along and he's just maintaining a very good cover.
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Q. Why did Snape make a "sudden movement" in the infirmary scene at the end of Goblet of Fire?
Since Snape's apparent flinch directly follows the mention of Lucius Malfoy's name, many assume that this indicates he has some connection to Lucius, especially since a Snape/Malfoy connection has been hinted at all along (see the Draco question). From here, people often argue whether or not Snape is registering surprise to find that Lucius is still willing to follow Voldemort.
Naama (14939) argues that Snape could only associate with the Malfoys as he does if he believes either that Lucius was innocent or that Lucius had also reformed, but when Harry mentions him, it's a shock to Snape. Similarly, Eileen (33898) feels that Snape must have thought that Lucius had abandoned his old ways and that's why he started at the mention of his name at the end of GoF. But Rebecca (33930) counters that the Weasleys and Dumbledore know that Lucius is evil (even Fudge sort of knows) and that Dumbledore surely would have told Snape about Lucius after CoS. She suggests that Snape might have jumped more out of fury than surprise. Porphyria (35008) theorizes that Snape and Lucius are headed for a day of reckoning and that Snape's sudden motion foreshadows this. In message 42056 she elaborates on all the reasons why Snape must realize that Lucius is an unrepentant DE.
Tabouli proposes a different Malfoy-connection theme (23008), citing the "sudden movement" as evidence that Lucius might be his go-between to Voldemort, hence the need to keep Draco fooled as to his loyalties, and perhaps in the future Snape could Polyjuice into Lucius and attend DE meetings that way.
Maybe the "sudden movement" is nothing quite so exciting. Magda Grantwitch (17322) thinks this is a red herring moment; Snape is perhaps trying to prevent Harry from saying anything too wild for Fudge to accept, but that Harry will imagine that it signifies a friendship between Snape and Lucius and thus have reason to distrust him. Similarly, Elkins (34911) suggests that Snape's movement was to stop Harry mentioning Lucius's name because at that point he would lose all credibility with Fudge.
Other theories don't involve Lucius per se; they tend to focus on Snape's attitude towards Fudge or the DEs in general.
Jake Storm (35026) suggests that Snape might have suspected Fudge of working both sides and doesn't want him to know how much the 'good guys' know. On the other hand, Alison (40366) argues that perhaps Snape did manage to get to the graveyard that night and was trying to stop Harry from describing what he saw. She speculates that maybe Snape is evil after all and Fudge is the one who has left forever.
But Ksnidget (42074) suggests that Voldemort's naming actual DE names was unprecedented and maybe Snape would have jumped no matter whose name was mentioned first. She suggests he might have been terrified that Voldemort named him as someone who didn't show up, thus outing him to all the other DEs. Back to top
Q. Is Snape a vampire? Could he be some other creature?
Many people believe Snape's inhumanity to students may be because he's not, well, all human. The most popular of the theories suggests that he is all or part vampire. Others think he might be an Animagus, and there's a third alternative as well.
Blood-sucking fiend? Pippin (35299, 35368) has provided the complete list of canonical references to vampires, evidence pro, con, and counterarguments for Snape being one. Here are some of the major points from the development of the argument:
Pippin (1188) suggests that Snape could be a vampire, which would explain his rotten disposition, his nocturnal habits and his hatred of werewolves, plus Quirrell's attempt to ward off vampires with garlic in his turban. More on the werewolf thing later. Koinonia (20375) remarks that vampirism might actually link together and provide coherence for all of Snape's issues. Athena (37255) adds to the discussion with a post about the different concepts of vampire lore, in particular how humans become vampires, and how certain versions of vampirism could apply to Snape. However, Doreen observes (15171) that Snape sees his reflection in the foe glass in Moody's office in GoF, arguing against vampirism. Porphyria (35634) refutes the Vampire theory on the grounds of thematic redundancy. Snape already has an evil secret he's trying to hide; he doesn't need another one. She points to his noteworthy lack of typical vampire characteristics. And she adds that his reaction to the Foe Glass has more to do with affirming his identification with Dumbledore than any surprise at actually seeing a reflection in a mirror.
Pippin explains (14315) that Rowling's vampires may be part human, as evidenced in FBWTFT [There's also a reference in GoF -- ed.]. She echoes something like this in message 35639, where she states that JKR is not averse to doubling up motifs, and Snape could still be half-vampire on top of everything else. She speculates that JKR could be making a point about vampirism being despised by the population, yet fully treatable in his case.
Much discussion is given to the study in contrasts offered by Remus Lupin. Pippin (20293) mentions that Moody reads the list of creatures covered by Lupin's class and vampires are not on the list. Yet he assigned a vampire essay. Why, Pippin asks, are vampires conspicuously absent? Did Lupin add them to the lesson plan in response to Snape? Amber (20297) counters that it would be daft of Snape to risk Lupin's wrath the way he does if he had a similar secret to hide. Pippin (20299) responds that werewolves and vampires are traditional enemies. She uses that piece of lore as basis for this theory: Snape may feel that Lupin cannot prove he's a vampire just by saying so, and that if Lupin's secret were out, no one would trust a werewolf. She sees no problem with Snape calling the kettle black since he seems to do this in other areas (such as favoritism). However, Lyda Clunas (20341) remarks that since Hermione was able to figure out that Lupin was a werewolf based on the essay, she should also have been able to figure out that Snape was a vampire by the same method. She suggests, then dismisses that Snape may be taking a potion to conceal the symptoms because Lupin can't conceal all his symptoms, so why should Snape? And she suggests, then dismisses that Hermione might protect Snape's secret as she does with Lupin, as it seems unlikely that she'd cover up for him over so long a time, especially in GoF, when they wonder what he did with his first chance. And, Lyda concludes, he's got enough issues already; this would be overloading the pot. Amy Z (20419) supports Pippin, saying that it's classic behavior to hate people who have their own worst characteristics or who remind you of them.
Some lend credence to the theory for reasons of plot. For example, Koinonia (20262) speculates that if Snape were a vampire or a dhampir (vampire child), perhaps it would give him some special ability to track Voldemort, who has vampire qualities himself (immortality, drinking unicorn blood). Kelley (20412) adds that she agrees and imagines his task has something to do with that (see Snape's Task).
Twinkle, twinkle, little bat! Others have remarked on number of times the text compares Snape to a bat, noting that it is an animal commonly associated with vampires.
But some take the bat imagery in a different direction. Lmrourke (2010) suggests that Snape could be an unregistered bat Animagus, and that this could have helped him as a spy against Voldemort, and perhaps will again. Alternatively, Sarah Waggot (15145) compares him to a raven Animagus, and further stipulates that he may have disliked Peter, Sirius, and James because they too figured out how to become Animagi. However, Aprilcg (15147) points out that Snape didn't learn they were Animagi until much later. She also notes that Hermione didn't mention him, which means he must be yet another unregistered Animagus if he is one at all. Amanda (15169) also refutes Sarah's claims point by point.
Ain't got no soul. There is one other theory, suggested half in jest, that nevertheless received a bit of attention. CindySphynx (33862) theorizes that Snape could be half-Dementor, the product of a mother soul-sucked during her pregnancy with him. This would explain his more sinister-looking characteristics and his inability to turn Sirius over to the Dementors to meet the same fate as his mother. She suggests (37397) this experience would have left him with some Dementor qualities (cold, gliding, draining happiness, inhabiting dark places), but not all and not to the extent of a full Dementor.
Too much of a good thing. In message 35698, Tabouli feels that the half-creature motif has been done to death and the point made -- regardless of whether Snape is thought a vampire, Animagus, or Dementor, and many others agree.
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Snape as a Professor
Q. Why is Snape teaching at Hogwarts?
One popular theory is that Snape has been exposed and stays at Hogwarts for the protection it and Dumbledore can give him (15775). Amanda (3802) speculates that perhaps Snape is teaching at Hogwarts because, having betrayed the Death Eaters, it is now the safest place for him (and perhaps also the most accepting of his quirks). Related to that is the idea that Snape can't obtain work anywhere else because he was known to have had Death Eater sympathies (though that's debatable), and that Dumbledore is the only one who trusts him. Eloise says (32782) she thinks that Snape is at Hogwarts not for his teaching abilities (there is plenty to suggest Dumbledore doesn't hire with this only in mind), but because Dumbledore needs someone like him as his right-hand man, with inside knowledge of the opposition whom he can trust. And Dumbledore could well use his Potions talents as Christina suggests (3869).
In messages 14815, 14821, and 14831, several members address Snape's reverence for Hogwarts and particularly rules, as well as his devotion to Dumbledore. Joelle (21364) adds that he might indeed like the sense of power of being a teacher, but she disagrees that he might be at Hogwarts for his own protection, citing his task at the end of GoF as indication that he doesn't act like a man hiding from danger. However, Amanda Snape (32697) [not to be confused with Amandageist -- ed.] offered this whimsical theory: "Maybe Dumbledore is forcing Snape to teach at Hogwarts as a sanction for his Death Eater days (the ultimate punishment for someone who clearly hates children - Dumbledore must have a good sense of humor). So Snape mistreats all the kiddies in the hopes that Dumbledore will fire him!"
Q. Why is he the Slytherin Head of House?
LittleRed (30575) asks if anyone else thought it was odd that someone in his thirties would be Head of House. Margaret Dean (30576) replies that the old Head of House might have died in the last war, and perhaps Lucius helped Snape get the position. Rita Winston (30583) suggests that there might not be many other Slytherin professors and Heather/Uma (30610) adds that he's probably there to notice the warning signs of kids going over to the Dark Side and to intervene. CindySphynx (30624) cites his competence as high enough to justify Head of House on its own. Gwendolyn Grace (30732) agrees that he is there to act as confidante to the Slytherin kids, but also adds that Slytherin parents like Malfoy would probably prefer an ex-Death Eater like themselves in the position.
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Q. Is he a good teacher?
Debate usually revolves around whether his toughness is useful or too belittling to be of any good (Rita: 1172, Susan McGee: 3821, Milz: 3861). There is various speculation over whether he considers a Hogwarts teaching gig to be prestigious enough for him, or whether he'd rather be doing research somewhere else. (Rita: 1172, Dave Hardenbrook: 1194) Similarly, it is wondered if his bitterness is the result of the fact that he hates teaching (Charmian: 11299) or because he loves his subject but is disappointed in his students (Parker: 11320). Margaret Dean (14241) believes that his unpleasant personality means more if it's real, which may reflect on his approachability as a teacher. Susanna/Pigwidgeon (21275) concludes that he at least hates children, if not teaching.
There is also speculation regarding whether his favoritism is calculated to toughen up those he seems to dislike and ill-prepare the ones he appears to prefer (See both Why is he mean to the Gryffindors? and What does he see in Draco?).
Amy Z (14878) puts in her two knuts, saying that she thinks Snape and McGonagall have similar views about teaching, if different methods. "My take on the two of them is that they have a lot of respect, and probably liking, for each other.... They are both very strict, they are passionate about their subjects, and are (arguably) excellent teachers.... But anyway, the point is, Snape regards McGonagall as an ally in the Battle Against Declining Standards, and in my imagination, as his closest friend at Hogwarts."
Gwendolyn Grace (16621) compares Snape to a teacher of hers who shunned any other role with his students (such as parental) -- he was terrifying, but effective. "Being a "mean" teacher doesn't necessarily equate to being a "bad" teacher." She goes on to discuss how, while he does not seem to use the best way to reach Neville, it might not be reasonable to expect Snape to tailor his teaching style to each student's needs. Hyam4 (33047) adds that by angering them, he might be trying to challenge them to do better work and that he is preparing them to face an enemy. In the same vein, Barkeep in Diagon Alley (35625) compares Snape to Lt. Sobol from Band of Brothers. Sobol is tough and relentless training his men, but later they feel they owe him their lives for it.
By contrast, Lyda Clunas (16630) goes on record that his favoritism of the Slytherin is what strikes her as most objectionable. Lea Macleod (16983) argues that Snape was a "pedagogical nightmare" completely unsuited for teaching. She feels that his "dunderhead" speech was his way of making clear that he hated teaching. But Rebecca Bohner (17016) argues against this, stating that Snape had a thorough knowledge of his subject, that his students did show knowledge of how to make potions, and that some students do benefit from a demanding taskmaster. She cites Lockhart as much better example of someone who fails to qualify as a teacher as all. Lea concedes somewhat (17061), but goes on to assert that he's too impatient to really enjoy his job and some of his remarks (i.e. Hermione's teeth) are so far beyond the bounds of professionalism that they cannot be justified pedagogically. Marianne (33052) adds that he refuses to acknowledge that different students learn in different ways, and by treating them all the same he does them a disservice. Ana (33055) writes that his behavior is so consistently sadistic that it must be genuine. She goes on to argue that (32859): "I regard Snape's infamously horrible attitude in the classroom as a result of his inferiority complex which, I believe, is caused by earlier and less obvious problems than [the Marauders] tormenting him at school or his joining [Death Eaters]."
In messages that deal with his style, but do not judge it, Magda Grantwitch (14815) points out his reverence for rules and for Hogwarts in general. Amanda (14821) agrees, saying one might call him protective of Hogwarts. Lea McLean (16035) also discusses Snape's passion for authority and rules in detail, outlining the iron firm control he wields over his classes. Margaret (14831) expresses her feeling that Snape's ultimate reward may be to become headmaster of Hogwarts, or barring that, headmaster of Durmstrang.
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Q. Is he really after the DADA post? If so, why doesn't he get it?
Many readers have concluded that Snape doesn't actually want the DADA post, and this is just a rumor. Others find the suggestion reasonable enough, and come up with a variety of reasons for why Dumbledore might not want to give him that particular position.
Gwendolyn Grace (19276) specifies the list of reasons Snape has to hate every DADA teacher thus far, and explains that there is no further evidence to point to a desire to have it for himself. Marianne (32080) provides support for the argument against. She cites his skill at potions (which, if it were rare, would give him a reason to gloat), and his speech at the beginning of the first Potions class, which speaks dismissively of other, less subtle forms of magical practice. Gwendolyn Grace (30732) addresses the issue that Lockhart was supposedly the 'only applicant' for the job in CoS, believing this further evidence that Snape doesn't care. She argues that while Snape might have expected to be handed the DADA position without applying for it in PS/SS or before, it doesn't make sense that he'd keep on expecting this if he were already rejected.
Koinonia (31072) cites an interview with Alan Rickman as some indication that Snape really does want the DADA job. Gwendolyn Grace (31215) notes that this might have either been a quick reading of the character based on the script or a description calculated not to give away too much from the future books. However, she nonetheless provides a lengthy commentary (32082) on how desiring (but not formally applying for) the DADA job could go along with what we know of Snape's personality (arrogant, naive, passive-aggressive, immature). Despite this analysis, she concludes that it is still possible he doesn't want the position at all and that it can be argued either way. Elizabeth Dalton (32083) adds that it's probably fair to suggest that Snape might take interest in the DADA job even if he prefers his own position: Sirius did mention that Snape was always fascinated by the Dark Arts. She observes that, if nothing else, it probably drives Snape nuts to see someone incompetent in the job.
There are also those who believe it is a deliberate red herring in school. Lyda Clunas (20585) speculates that Snape and Dumbledore encourage the rumor to keep up the bluff that Snape is still interested in (and faithful to) the Dark Arts. Red Queen echoes this (22940): Dumbledore might want to make it look like he does not completely trust Snape to maintain Snape's cover and credibility with the Slytherins.
If, on the other hand, he really does want the job, here are some speculations as to why he doesn't hold the position of his dreams. Steve Bates (1280) believes that Snape is held back either because there are no other qualified Potions instructors or because too much license to dabble in the Dark Arts will corrupt him (like Saruman in Lord of the Rings), and Liquidfire says much the same (30718) adding that he might be too vengeful and high-strung to keep from frightening his students. Alternatively, Amanda (16239) has this to say: "I think that Snape might indeed be interested, but Dumbledore has asked him not to apply. The reason most people have given for this scenario is that Snape would be tempted back to the Dark Side, but I had suggested also that keeping Snape from the DADA position might be for his own protection. Not all of Voldemort's supporters were human. As DADA professor, Snape might be exposed to attack from such non-human supporters, especially if his spy role were known. This makes more sense to me than the 'temptation' reason, as certain of Snape as Dumbledore sounds." And Finwitch (32924) suggests that if there is a reason he's been turned down for the job, it might be because while potions require precision, DADA requires encouragement to practice and to try, and Snape's forbidding attitude would squelch this in students. Back to top
Q. Why is Snape so mean to Harry, Neville and the other Gryffindors?
Snape's hatred of Harry constitutes one of the more mysterious aspects of his character; the question of why remains open despite occasional attempts to answer it in canon. The antagonism between Snape and James (itself never fully explained) doesn't seem like quite enough motivation for Snape to despise the man's son as well. Nor does it fully explain Snape's open hostility to the other Gryffindors, especially his pronounced vendetta against Neville. So let's examine some of the theories proposed to answer these questions.
Tough Love: Snape's ill-treatment of the Gryffs is good for them. Given the stoic, warrior ethos of wizarding culture and the eventual threat of another battle with Lord Voldemort, many readers have wondered if Snape isn't actually doing the Gryffindors a favor by being extra tough with them. This could especially benefit Harry who, as we readers all know, is fated to face Voldemort in a final showdown.
Many listies sense that Snape is trying to keep the Trio in line due to what he sees as the weaknesses in their personalities. Steve Bates (1128) remarks that Snape's hatred is at least based in some reality: Harry really does ignore rules, Hermione really is a know-it-all. Pogonia adds (2577) that perhaps "Snape hates the Dark side intensely and associates rule-breaking with the kind of casual carelessness that can give the Dark an opening." Amanda remarks (11623) that Snape is working for Harry's good more than most people think and that a lot of his anger at Harry is because he's trying to protect him, although Harry doesn't realize or appreciate this. Eric Oppen suggests (22613) that Dumbledore might have given Snape specific instructions to not let Harry have too easy a time, and to conceal the fact that he was doing it on Dumbledore's orders. Barkeep in Diagon Alley (35625) compares Snape to Lt. Sobol from Band of Brothers. He is tough and relentless training his men, but later they feel they owe him their lives for it. Similarly, Debbie (35661) points out that Snape knows exactly what kind of psychological punishment Voldemort can dish out and needs to toughen his students up because he himself can't survive an Voldemort victory. He needs to impress upon Harry that he's not invincible, otherwise Snape fears he may die overconfident like James.
Heather/Uma takes this idea a step further (30944) with her theory that Snape might be magically bound to be Harry's protector at Hogwarts, a job he might resent. Ana adds to this (31019) by citing the text where Harry sarcastically imagines that something is less likely to happen than for Snape to "adopt Harry." This could be ironic foreshadowing. Still, she doesn't understand why this would not be revealed to Harry, seeing as his and Snape's mutual distrust causes serious problems.
Some theorize that Snape might be toughening his Gryffindor's powers as well as their characters. David Frankis (35741) theorizes that Snape could be winding Harry up so that he could do something spectacular without a wand (as he did with Marge) when the time came. In a similar train of thought, Kitty (36616) and Porphyria (36623) argue that Snape might be trying to jog Neville's memory by antagonizing him.
With friends like these: Snape's just pretending to favor the Slyths. The companion piece to the theory that Snape intends the best for the Gryffindors is that he might also be favoring the Slytherin for some tactical reason other than their own best interests. By this theory, Snape's antagonism of Harry and friends is his dramatic way of 'proving' his alignment with his own house. (See also the Draco question)
Amanda suggests (5122) that Snape maliciously enjoys removing obstacles from Draco's path just as he likes placing them in Harry's. In this, he is teaching Harry how to deal with setbacks, but weakening Draco. Rebecca J. Bohner suggests (13529) that Snape might still be acting the role of bad guy for the benefit of fooling the Slytherin and concealing his actual loyalties. Rosiewolf adds (31024) that with Draco in the class Snape has to act like he resents Harry, and the presence of so many DE's kids might be the reason Snape's duty to protect Harry goes unmentioned.
That's the gist of the 'Snape is good for the Gryffs' argument. Other threads on the list have instead emphasized the way that Snape might actually resent them.
Fame isn't everything: Snape hates Harry because he's (understandably) jealous. If we assume, as many readers do, that Snape was the 'useful spy' that tipped off the Potters, then Snape's resentment of Harry begins to look like it stems from Snape's sense of regret over Voldemort's last tenure. Brian points out (1767) that Snape's hatred of Harry probably has to do with the likelihood that Snape was intimately involved in trying to cause the fall of Voldemort, and Snape resents that all the credit went to an infant. Joywitch adds (2393) that perhaps Snape knew all along that Harry would cause the fall of Voldemort because that could have been Trelawney's first prediction. Thus Snape will always have to settle for a supporting role as Harry's protector and never be the hero he wishes to be. Naama adds (12170) that Snape might be jealous of Harry for being so naturally good since it was such a difficult struggle for Snape himself. Emily reminds us (30948) that Harry's status as hero is in itself a source of resentment for Snape who was the one who risked his life in the fight against Voldemort for no credit. Tabouli counters (31031) that Snape doesn't seem the glory hunting type but Susanna/Pigwidgeon (31034) argues that Snape needs Dumbledore's approval for his own sense of redemption and seeing him favor Harry all the time (as he did James) must be difficult to take. Similarly, Eloise remarks (33668): "I think it is acutely painful for him that 'famous Harry Potter' gets all the credit for Voldemort's downfall when however much 'good' he has done is secret. 'Fame isn't everything' isn't just another nasty remark, it's a cri de coeur."
Snape might regret more than his own failure to save the Potters. CindySphynx (31231) notes that Snape probably had to betray some of his old school friends after he turned spy: Rosier, Wilkes, etc., a situation paralleled by that of James, also betrayed by his friends. She notes that this could explain his resentment of Harry if Harry serves as a constant reminder of what he had to do to get back the trust of Dumbledore.
Like father like son: Snape really does hate Harry because he reminds him of James.
Taking Quirrell and Dumbledore at their word and running with it, many feel Snape's hatred of Harry is inextricably tied to his relationship with James. Susan suggests (14927) that Snape hates Harry because he breaks the rules, which reminds him so much of James, quite a rule-breaker himself. Lea McLean discusses (16035) the rather obvious origins in his feud with James, and the penchant for rule-breaking seemingly inherent in both father and son. She points out that James gained respect and love from fellow students and teachers, constantly proved to be the exception, and did so with considerable latitude for the rules. Harry, because of who and what he is, does the same. Along the same lines, Eloise (31259) provides an eloquent interpretation of how Snape's frustration with Harry derives from his jealousy over the approval that Dumbledore gave the rule-breaking James. Catherine acknowledges this issue, but points out (16038) that Snape's obsession with fairness seems to go overboard where Harry is concerned. Where his feelings toward James and Harry seem to derive from an 'It's not fair' attitude, Catherine postulates, his solution seems to be unfairly harsh on Harry in return. Lyda Clunas remarks (16107): "It is my belief that he sees the defiance of authority that so marked James's (and now Harry's) character as a type of weakness; he views it as weak and dishonorable of a person to not show proper respect to authority, and even worse when the person is still rewarded for their abject disregard for the rules which so govern Severus' life. It does indeed 'upset Snape's whole world,' especially in Harry's case, since the authority Harry defies is Snape himself. Thus, Harry is just that "nasty little boy" who has no concern for the rules that *should* be obeyed." Elizabeth Dalton adds (31071) that Harry's similarity to James (who got himself killed when he trusted his friends, etc.) might also annoy Snape, who probably tried everything he could to keep James from meeting the fate he did. And Rebecca (33524) suggests that Snape gets irrational around Harry because Harry reminds him of his guilt, regrets and failure to save James's life when he had the chance.
You have your mother's eyes: The Lily angle. See the Lily question for theories galore speculating that Snape's irrationality around Harry might have to do with a torch for Lily.
Of course Snape doesn't just hate Harry. Neville seems to come under even more attack and even a model student like Hermione gets targeted with a healthy dose of venom from time to time. This list has discussed these issues as well.
Poor Neville: Snape just hates the kid. Neville, being the klutzy, forgetful bungler he is, seems calculated to set off Snape's temper. Many readers have commented on the nature of this match made in hell. Monika Z. remarks (12091) that Snape is the type who just likes being mean to students and Neville is irresistible because he's such easy prey. Susanna/Pigwidgeon sums up (23009) some reasons for their antagonism: 1) Snape's 'strong' personality is tempted to be sadistic towards one it considers weak, 2) he doesn't like children and expects them to behave like adults, 3) he blames his own weakness on why he became a DE and thus despises Neville's weakness because it reminds him of his own. Marina suggests (33523) that Snape isn't the type to treat someone differently because of a troubled past and he might believe that it would be detrimental to Neville to show him any special treatment. Porphyria (41873) looks at the structural parallels of their relationship and argues that Snape detests Neville because Neville represents Snape's worst fear: himself as a weak, blubbering, helpless, vulnerable creature. Abusing Neville might let Snape indulge in the fantasy that he's somehow dominant over this weakness.
But wait, there's more: The Longbottom backstory.
Some readers are not content with just letting Snape hate Neville because he's Neville. They point to Snape's tendency to harbor inter-generational grudges and the fact that he loses his temper with Neville almost immediately, before he's even gotten the gist of the child's chronic haplessness. Plus, Snape's old friends the Lestranges were the ones convicted of torturing the Longbottoms to insanity. There must be more to the Snape/Longbottom story. For example, Denise speculates (1268) that Snape might somehow blame the Longbottoms for the imprisonment of the Lestranges, and he's taking his anger out on Neville in revenge. Opal Dragonfly suggests (23070) that Snape might have had an unpleasant run-in with Gran. Sophineclaire wonders (32189) if perhaps Snape had been in love with Mrs. Longbottom, and thus Neville, who is terrible at potions, would be a bitter reminder of what happened to his mother and what could have been otherwise. Elkins adds (33804) that Neville must be an unpleasant reminder of what happened to the Lestranges, and depending on what he feels responsible for, he might feel guilt for the fates of all his old house mates and the Longbottoms. CindySphynx speculates (35612) that Snape hated Frank Longbottom for making him turn in all his old friends. Eileen suggests several possible backstories (38095): 1) Snape hates Frank for being an Auror (who perhaps was involved in the death of his old friends), 2) "Snape absolutely despises people who he can't save" and thus feels resentment towards Neville since he didn't manage to save the parents or 3) he thinks Neville should avenge the fate of his parents and is disgusted because the kid appears to be purposefully acting like an incompetent. Richelle also suspects (41857) he might have some guilt over what happened to the Longbottoms and is taking out his frustration on Neville.
Teacher's pest: Hermione chafes him too Rohit wonders (37517) why Snape would single out Hermione for abuse, despite the fact that she's an excellent student and she respects him quite a bit. The answer could simply be that Snape targets her to get Harry angry. Although he begins to carp at her from the first class when she was not yet a friend of Harry's, he might have done a spectacular job of jumping to conclusions by taking her to be Harry's friend because Harry referred him to her to answer the questions. Snape's dislike of Hermione, therefore, might have always been predicated on the fact that she's a friend of Harry's, and this intensifies any other negative responses.
Still, others feel Snape's loating for Hermione stems at least partly from reasons specific to her. Porphyria discusses (37523, 37540) the ways in which Hermione rubs him the wrong way, arguing that she misinterprets his dramatic rhetoric and that her know-it-all impertinence rattles his sense of authority. Marina adds (37531) that Snape tends to project his own mindset on people, and assumes that Hermione is showing off because that's what he would have done. Naama counters (37533) that he's just bad tempered and it has nothing to do with her personally. But Eloise agrees (37545) with Marina, and cites also his jealous desire to be the center of attention. Ali suggests (37547) he may still harbor some anti-Mudblood prejudice, but Eloise counters (37564) that there is no evidence of this and she would find it unlikely that Dumbledore would hire someone who really felt that way. Back to top
Q. Why does Snape seem to favor Draco so much? Does it have anything to do with Lucius?
Given that we already know that Snape resents Harry for some reason, it makes sense that part of his favoring of Draco is just a further attempt at goading Harry. For instance, Amanda (5122) speculates that maybe Snape doesn't actually like Draco at all but merely appreciates Draco's hatred of Harry. She thinks that he's deliberately thwarting Draco's development by not teaching him how to handle adversity. Amy Z. (11363) remarks that Snape and Draco each appear to be using each other; Snape is trying to torment Harry by favoring Draco and Draco is sucking up.
Nevertheless, readers see a lot of parallels in Snape and Draco's positions, and cite examples of why Snape probably identifies with him. Amanda (11685) observes that Snape might see himself in Draco and gives him the breaks he never got; likewise he sees the Marauders in Harry and friends and gives them the tormenting the Marauders never got, although she still doubts he particularly likes him. Catlady (15062) proposes the father/son or mentor/student model, anchoring her theory on Draco's supposed aptitude in Potions and a kinship stemming from their common house. Regardless of what his relationship to them might have been, Catherine speculates (15976) that we may have a clue it is about to change, linked to the signal of a change in his relationship with Harry at the end of GoF. She (17116) adds that Snape must inspire some amount of fear in his Slytherin because Draco feels compelled to lie to him about his ricocheted curse. Stacy Stroud (32600) remarks that Draco might be the fairest hope of Slytherin house (compared to the likes of Crabbe and Goyle), and Snape might identify with Draco's position as the nemesis of a groups of Gryffindors who never seem to get punished for the stunts they pull. He might also be concerned lest Draco go over to the Dark Side, and want to get that across to him somehow. Plus Lucius might not know the extent of Snape's turning against the DEs and support of Dumbledore, hence fawning over his child would be a way for him to hide his true loyalty. But Amanda (32615) counters that Snape is not doing Draco any favors by continuing to spoil him the way he is spoiled at home; he's not teaching him any useful survival skills. Indulging him might not be so benevolent after all. And Barkeep in Diagon Alley (34821) suggests that Snape might identify with Draco as a victim of his parentage. He might not want Draco to be sucked into the DEs by his parents and thus is befriending him in order to provide an alternative father figure.
Speaking of fathers.... Given the possibility that Snape knew Lucius from back from their DE days, maybe his rapport with Draco reflects a relationship he has with his father. Naama (14939) speculates about his relationship to the Malfoys. She concludes that Snape should avoid them, if he truly repented, but since Draco is his favorite, that he must therefore have convinced himself either that Lucius is truly innocent or else that he too is sincerely reformed. She suggests he might feel sympathy towards the Malfoys through a sense of personal identification (he's in the same boat), and a possible lingering shared attitude of pureblood prejudice. Dinah (17317) continued to speculate that they were friends at Hogwarts and perhaps Lucius led him to the DEs. She suspects that Lucius probably doesn't know that Snape turned spy for Dumbledore and probably has little respect for his teaching position (not ambitious enough). Rita/Catlady (17325) adds that if Snape is exiled at Hogwarts for his own protection then Lucius might in fact know he was a spy, and also since there's no indication that Lucius went to Hogwarts during Snape's time that he might be somewhat older and their friendship date from a later point in time. She (17354) continues to speculate that Snape might have idolized Lucius, considering him (among other possibilities) to provide the love and approval Snape's own parents withheld, and this made it easy for Lucius to seduce Snape to the dark side. Eileen (30681) remarks that Snape must not have informed against Lucius to the Ministry and notes that he appears shocked at the end of GoF when Lucius's name is mentioned. (See Sudden Movement.) Jamie (30745) adds that Snape might be friends with Lucius because he thinks they are both reformed DEs and he might favor Draco as a way to show that he does not treat the family with suspicion. Taking a slightly different tack, Alora (43270) wonders if Snape could be related to Narcissa, perhaps even siblings.
Then again, Snape, being the cagey, enigmatic sort of character he is, strikes many people as manipulating Draco for one reason or another. Plus, some readers doubt that Snape could fail to realize that Lucius is an unrepentant DE. Aberforth's Goat expresses this idea back in post 5162, adding that perhaps Snape is using Draco to infiltrate the remaining DEs. Dinah (17114) remarks that Draco doesn't seem the type to be a teacher's pet since he doesn't want to work for his achievements, and relies too much on Snape to keep him out of trouble. She doesn't image Snape would normally tolerate that. Lea MacLeod (17115) agrees and thinks that Snape is just using Draco to get at Harry, but also that once we see more of Snape's relationship with Lucius, that his treatment of Draco will be clearer.
Tabouli (31031) makes a similar argument. "Snape's a very very suspicious character, for a start, and he surely knows that Lucius is a Death Eater, and a rich, powerful, clever one. If he missed a threat that obvious, he'd never be cunning and crafty enough to play a risky game like spying. I think favoring Draco is much more likely to be a sneaky subterfuge."
But not all agree on how much Snape's sneakiness could outweigh his natural affinity to his own house and housemates. Responding to the suggestion that Snape is only pretending to like Draco, Elkins (34911) insists that he does like Draco and the other Slyths because he is loyal to his old house and that Draco has a lot of personality traits and inclinations in common with him. But she adds that Snape cannot possibly believe that Lucius was ever innocent of being a DE or that he truly reformed. Snape is suspicious by nature, everyone knows Lucius is guilty and Lucius himself does little to hide his sympathies. Porphyria (35008, 35019) counters that Snape is only loyal to his house when it doesn't conflict with his overriding loyalty to Dumbledore, which he is keeping secret from the Slyths. She points out differences in his personality from Draco's which make fondness hard to imagine, and she sees evidence of his duplicity towards Draco in the conversation regarding Dumbledore's suspension in CoS. She thinks Snape must have a relationship with Lucius of some sort, and she theorizes it revolves around the stash under the drawing room floor at the Malfoy Manor. Elkins (35196) replies that Snape's loyalty to his house does not preclude him from disapproving of Voldemort and his agenda. She also upholds her previous argument that the evidence suggests that Snape identifies with Draco and might even be tutoring him on the side, as with the Serpensortia spell. Porphyria (35320) replies that Snape might be loyal to the tradition of Slytherin, but this is different from being loyal to the individual students who might be Voldemort supporters. In this case his loyalty to Dumbledore will eventually cause him to betray some of his charges, so how exactly he 'likes' them in the mean time must be either complicated or deceitful. Elkins (35360) concedes that it might be complicated or doomed, but that doesn't mean he hates Draco; he can like, favor and identify with him and still morally disapprove of his choices. She thinks he shows too much favoritism to his house when it doesn't seem to matter for maintaining a cover to believe that he doesn't also enjoy doing so. Eloise (35403) supports this with a lengthy defense for why Snape is loyal to his house and his students.
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Snape's Relationship with Sirius and Lupin
Q. What did Snape believe about the Marauder's Map? Did he recognize the names "Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot and Prongs"?
"You don't think it more likely that he got it directly from the manufacturers?" Many suspect Snape kinda sorta knew who MWPP were, or at least who Lupin was, judging from the way he questioned him, but this is debatable. In message 3119 Amanda asks if Snape knew who MWPP were when he saw the map, then why did he let Lupin off with a flimsy excuse? Milz answers (3123) that Snape later explains that he's still gathering evidence against Lupin at the time. Amy Z (12151) gives a detailed rundown of what Snape probably knew about the map and why he questions Lupin the way he does. She suspects he at least knew that Lupin was Moony. Amanda (32694) also discusses the question: aside from Harry's unconvincing defense of it, Snape probably was familiar with the names MWPP from his school days. However, she didn't think he knew that Lupin was one of them. Rebecca (32699) adds that Snape had good reason to suspect the map had led Harry to Hogsmeade. In addition, he probably knew Lupin was Moony, he would have been suspicious of him on account of his friendship with Sirius, and he must have known Lupin was bluffing when confronted with the map. Porphyria (34594) mentions that Harry asks Lupin why Snape thought he got the map directly from the manufacturers and Lupin replies that it was because they would have thought it funny to lure him out of school. This could imply that Snape does know who MWPP are and Lupin is aware of this.
Did recognize "Wormtail" as the name of a Death Eater? Both Amanda (3119) and Milz (3123) ask whether Snape knew that Peter was Wormtail and if he knew he was a spy for Voldemort. Pippin (3135) reminds everyone of Karkaroff's account of how the DEs didn't all know the identities of each other and thus Snape couldn't have been expected to know for sure that Peter was the traitor. Pippin (34626) speculates that Snape recognized the name Wormtail on the Marauder's map as someone who was a Death Eater, namely the person he thought was Sirius, the mole who betrayed the Potters. This would explain his continuing distrust of Lupin and why he thought the map was so incriminating. But he can't explain this to Lupin without admitting he was himself a DE. Hollydaze (34724) adds that he probably only guessed that Wormtail was Sirius after the fact and didn't know who Wormtail was while he was spying.
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Q. What were Snape's motivations in the shrieking shack? Was his tantrum at the end of PoA justified in any way? What about the way Dumbledore handled the aftermath?
Snape's derangement at the end of PoA constitutes one of his most pathetic moments in canon, and listies often debate the extent to which he was justified or just out of control. (For a general discussion of reader sympathy for Snape in PoA, see Elkins: 35360, 43316, and Irene: 43381)
In message 32726 Cindy discusses how Snape's reasoning in the Shack was fairly understandable based on what he knew, that he was right to stop a Confunding-in-progress based on a sincere belief that that was going on, and that he showed mercy to Sirius by brining him directly to the castle, but feels that his pursuit of Lupin in the first place was vindictive and prejudiced. Pippin (34626) suggests that he was afraid that Sirius, assuming he was a DE, would give away his own secret, and this explains his haste in wanting to get Sirius dispatched. Also, if he was incapable of believing that Pettigrew was the real traitor, since that might imply that James had taken his faulty advice to not trust Sirius and switch Secret-Keepers. He couldn't believe it because it would make him too guilty. Cindy (36585) goes on to argue that Snape's only motivation for setting out that night was to get Lupin fired. But Porphyria (36596) counters that his desire to get Lupin was tied up in his belief that Lupin was helping Black get into the castle, his desire to protect Harry, and his ongoing trauma over the death of the Potters which he failed to prevent. Cindy (39339) and Porphyria (40361) agree that he never for one second believed that Sirius was an Animagus and honestly did think the kids were Confunded.
Listies also assert that Snape's vendetta against Sirius wasn't all self-centered. Eloise (34456, 34778) points out that the Prank was not Snape's only reason to resent Sirius. He still thinks Sirius was the mole and he wants revenge for the murder he (probably) tried to prevent. She notes that Snape only brings up the Prank to Dumbledore to remind him of Sirius' potential violence, but it's more the suspicions of others that imply he is still vengeful because of it. Marina adds (34459) that Sirius' Prank and his seeming betrayal are probably closely connected in Snape's mind; the latter confirms his sense that the former was indeed a murder attempt. Admitting that he was wrong about the betrayal might involve admitting he was wrong about Sirius trying to kill him in the first place, and that would be hard for Snape to do.
Who's Fudging whom? The infirmary scene is another hot-button for fans. Heather/Uma (31266) remarks that it doesn't make sense that Snape would disgrace himself that much in front of Fudge all over a childhood grudge. The fact that Dumbledore still trusts him completely indicates that he knows more than we do about Snape. Susanna/Pigwidgeon (31268) replies that it would have been reasonable for Snape to surmise that Black had escaped prison due to help from Voldemort, and that this along with Black's apparent treachery would make his behavior somewhat more sympathetic. She suggests that Dumbledore might have mishandled the situation by not making enough of an attempt to explain his thinking to Snape. Irene (43386) and Porphyria (43396, 43415, 43416) agree, but Pippin (43383, 43414) and Eloise (43410, 43421) defend Dumbledore as handling the situation as gracefully as he could under the stressfull circumstances.
Pip (39273) takes an innovative stance on this issue, arguing that Snape is lying to Fudge about the Trio being Confunded in order to protect them from Fudge figuring out the truth of what happened. In message 39662 and many downstream she presents her Spying Game (later MAGIC DISHWASHER) theory which posits a radically different concept of what happened at the end of PoA, basically arguing that most of the events were engineered by Dumbledore and Snape so as to provoke Pettigrew into owing Harry a life-debt and then escaping back to Dumbledore.
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Q. When did Snape realize Sirius was an Animagus? When did he realize Sirius was innocent?
Amanda (15169) points out that if Snape knew their Animagus forms, he would probably have recognized Sirius in the hospital wing in GoF before he transformed. In addition, she points out that if he had known that they were Animagi at some point during PoA he surely would have informed Dumbledore, but in fact he never brings it up. Furthermore, in an invaluable post (What Snape Knew When) Amanda delineates the exact sequence of events in the Shrieking Shack sequence, lending credence to the idea that Snape had no idea prior to that night. After some back and forth about whether Snape might have listened at the door, Amanda goes on in 15243:
Actually, considering that the aliases of the Marauders were one thing Snape *did* hear in the Shack, I myself was looking for some violent reaction, or some reaction, when Snape hears Wormtail mentioned as alive and serving Voldemort. This doesn't happen until the end of GoF, during the Crouch 'confession' scene, when Crouch Jr. says that Voldemort shows up at his house in the arms of his servant Wormtail. Snape knows who this is. Snape himself made the Veritaserum, Crouch is *not* lying, Pettigrew *is* alive and Sirius is innocent. If Snape had not already known all this, i.e., if Dumbledore had not told him, I suspect we'd have seen some reaction at this confirmation.
Since Snape did not react at all, isn't even mentioned at this juncture of Crouch's speech, it seems likely that he already knows, and that's why he only reacts to an old personal enemy, not a betrayer and murderer, when Sirius transforms in front of him in the hospital wing.
Many list members believe that Dumbledore waited until Snape had calmed down about Black's escape in PoA and had a long talk with him in which he convinced Snape that Black really was innocent. Evidence for this lies largely in the interpretation that Snape's distress in the hospital wing in GoF is not from seeing 'Sirius Black, the murderer,' but seeing 'Sirius Black, the git.' Alternate interpretations are also possible, however, it seems logical that it would take Snape a lot more convincing, and that he would be far less rational, in that scene, if he weren't already aware that Pettigrew is alive and was the traitor.
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Q. Readers often take sides between Sirius and Snape. Why do so many love one and hate the other?
Whole threads are devoted to squabbling over which is the more admirable character (e.g. 34653 and downthreads during 2/2002). Sirius' detractors tend to compare the Prank and his lack of remorse over it to Snape's apparent guilty conscience and his attempt to redeem his own past. Sirius' defenders remark that his adolescent foolishness pales in comparison to Snape's joining the DEs. They contrast Sirius' selfless support of Harry in GoF to Snape's open hostility, distrust and denigration of him, while Snape's supporters counter with all the ways that Snape defends Harry's safety. Arguments go on and on over whose reckless attitude in PoA is more justifiable, and who is the braver or more talented character in general.
In message 32779, Pippin asks why people tend to forgive Sirius his excesses but fault Snape for sarcastic remarks. She suggests that the fact that we know more about Sirius' motivations makes him more sympathetic, whereas it requires more thought to divine what could be on Snape's mind. Shannon replies (32788) that Sirius is trying to save Harry's life, whereas Snape's sarcasm is purely gratuitous. Ana (32859) adds that Snape's actions are subject to too much scrutiny and most people have done much worse things than hurt someone's feelings with a nasty remark.
Marianne (34653) discusses at length the way fans split over these two. She contrasts the way that the books have presented them: we see a lot more of Snape but we know more about the motivations of Sirius. She finds it odd that people cite Sirius for the Prank, which wound up being harmless, but are willing to forgive Snape's past as a DE which probably involved horrible crimes. Lastly, she wonders if Snape's fans will still like him as much when they find out what he really did during his DE days, and likewise asks if Sirius ever apologizes for the Prank will it put the issue to rest with readers.
Judy (34668) discusses fan's polarization and remarks: "I really don't think it has anything to do with which character is morally good and which is evil -- they are both far from being saints. Rather, I think it depends on whether one likes the impulsive, reckless sort (Sirius) or the very controlled, enigmatic type (Snape). A few people like both, but most people only go for one or the other." She adds that the fact that they are enemies also provokes readers into taking sides. Then again, Marina (34670), who likes them both, admits that although Snape's joining the DEs involved worse crimes than the Prank, the fact that Snape has since regretted it and is making amends puts him slightly ahead of Sirius in that aspect. But she considers both characters appealing: "It's that combination of genuine nobility and very real personal flaws that attracts me in the first place."
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Future Prospects
Q. Will Snape fall in love in the series?
A. As originally quoted by Bonnie (3513), JKR was asked this question in a radio interview and gave a tantalizingly evasive answer:
Interviewer: One of our -- one of our Internet correspondents wondered if Snape is going to fall in love.
Rowling (laughing): Yeah ... who on earth would want Snape in love with them? That is a very horrible idea....whoever asked that question, can I just say to you that I'm -- I'm slightly stunned that you've said that, and you'll find out why I'm so stunned if you read Book Seven. And that's all I'm going to say.
Bonnie notes Rowling's laughter, interprets the "yeah" as sarcastic and the overall answer to be a "no."
Still, listies have interpreted this remark in every possible direction, from "never" to "yes, in Book Seven" and more than a few would volunteer to be the lucky witch.... So, let's look at the main theories.
Is he even capable? Would it make sense, given his character? Neil Ward (3518) remarks that since we only know Snape through Harry's point of view that there might be a lot more about him that would make the romance aspect seem less preposterous. But of course it all depends on what JKR has up her sleeve. On the other hand, Gwendolyn Grace (31215) argues that Snape appears incapable of love: too bitter, insecure, and scarred. She points out that JKR's approval of Alan Rickman for the movie role could indicate that he might not turn out to be quite as nasty as the impression from the books, although it doesn't guarantee a future romance.
But maybe Snape has already beaten us to the punch. In a chat with the BBC, JKR had this to say about married professors:
Chat question: Have any of the Hogwarts professors had spouses?
Rowling: Good question - yes, a few of them, but that information is sort of restricted - you'll find out why...
Many refer to this as possible evidence that Snape had been or might still be married. Sam theorizes (14211) that Snape's wife might have been on the side of Death Eaters as well, and that it was his betrayal of her in favor of the light that secured Dumbledore's trust. Sam goes further and postulates that Karkaroff clarifies 'Severus Snape' in order to distinguish him from his (dead or former) wife. Milz (14234) takes a more humorous tack on Snape's night-time wanderings, offering them as evidence that he is a henpecked husband or else a model father, but Sister Mary Lunatic (14239) subscribes more to Sam's theory, guessing that Mrs. Snape might be an unrepentant DE or else a casualty of Voldemort War I. Ama/Ladjables (35742) sketches out several married-Snape scenarios offering one with loving house-witch, a Florence-Sirius love triangle, and the tragic option where Snape is already a widower. Anna (35784) offered her own estranged wife theory, opting for a nice witch who pulls away from Snape when she senses his dark side.
Tomorrow is another day: Plot potential for a future romance. While some prefer to think of him as still obsessed with Lily, others see no potential in this since, well, Lily's dead. Instead, fans have imagined him with everyone from McGonagall to a returned-to-Hogwarts Fleur (14875), but some theories get downright elaborate. Elkins (36320), and Tabouli (36367) spin a furry tale involving a love triangle between Filch, the cat-transfigured Mrs. Norris and Snape. Cindy makes a bid for a Trelawney/Snape dalliance, pointing out their penchant for dimly lit classrooms, dramatic speech, "gliding" gaits, the color green, and wandless magic. Clearly a perfect match. L. Terrell Gould (38063) offers the Arabella Figg option. He notes that Mrs.Figg's house smells like cabbages, just like certain potions, which could indicate she has a talent in common with Snape [or that she's disguised with Polyjuice]. He points out that if she were a member Dumbledore's "old crowd" she could have known Snape back then. Could they have a future romance in store? Marianne argues that this is unlikely, noting that as a spy, Snape would not have been known by anyone else in Dumbledore's circle, but Charis Julia (38141) supports the pairing and speculates that if there were a Sirius-Snape-Arabella love triangle it would have "inexhaustible supplies of potential for future development as all characters involved are still actually *alive.*" Back to top
Q. Is Snape going to die in the series?
A. It is generally agreed that Snape can't die until the final book since he's such a pivotal character, but some have suggested that at this point his mixed feeling for Harry will come to a dramatic head. For instance, Mike Schub (11630) suggests that Snape will die for Harry, recognizing that this is a crucial step in defeating Voldemort. Signe (11957) countered that perhaps Harry will have to save Snape's life instead. Amy Z (14036) remarks that JKR will have to make Snape far more sympathetic to her young audience before a "noble death" will have sufficient meaning, adding: "But I wonder how much other guilt SS is carrying around from whatever he did while a DE. I'm reckoning he has a lot of sins on his conscience that may not feel redeemed until he's done something spectacular against V."
The question can be framed as one of literary closure: does Snape need to be a martyr to redeem his past crimes, to provide a sufficiently dramatic series climax, or to cement his legacy in the series as undisputedly heroic?
Some say yea. Tabouli (32640) speculates that "Snape is being groomed for an end-of-series sacrificial lamb role...I'd say there must be reasonable odds on Snape and Harry finally coming to like and respect each other pages before Snape dies a dreadful yet valiant death, whispering the final key to the mystery of Harry's past/defeating Voldemort/etc. with his dying breath." Similarly, Amanda (41846) argues he is doomed in the tradition of Romantic anti-heroes: "Snape, it seems to me, has built up too much emotional baggage, lives too much in the past, allows his present to be shaped by that past too much, to ever be able to shake it off and stride forward."
But some say nay. Elizabeth Dalton (32642) argues: "Snape has defied formula to this point, so he may actually survive the entire series. Maybe he's just too mean to die. :)" And Margaret Dean (32808) adds: "Though I have this feeling he's =not= going to be one of the ones to die. I keep thinking of JKR's remark about him: "He's tough." He won't go down easily, any road." And, hoping-against-hope Porphyria (41900) claims that Snape's resolution as a character depends on his redeeming his past to his own satisfaction and making some grudging peace with the other good characters, and that none of this requires his death -- indeed quite the opposite, he needs to mature over time. She feels that JKR doesn't intend him as a sentimental character. Back to top
A Snape Miscellany~~ A few other short topics that may be of interest What's in a name?
Yes, we've noticed that one anagram of 'Severus Snape' is 'Perseus Evans.' There's no evidence to suggest it is or will become significant.
Snape is the name of a town in Yorkshire and one in Suffolk. Margaret Dean (15977) cites a possible source for the name "Snape" from Georgetta Heyer's The Foundling. In the book, Snape is a foul-tempered tutor. Heyer also had a penchant for choosing names from maps. For additional material on the name's origin, Caius Marcius (CMC) tells us all about Emperor Severus Septimus (29826, 3622) and Judy (34218) analyzes the word "Snape" as evocative of verbal attack.
More tidbits of information
JKR has stated in interview that Snape is about 35 or 36, presumably at the time of GoF.
Yes, many people believe that Snape was the spy who tipped Dumbledore off to Voldemort's targeting of the Potters. Whether he did it because of feelings for Lily or any other reason, or whether this was the event that turned him back to the side of good, is uncertain. It's unclear whether he suspected Sirius all along or whether he simply believed the spy was someone close to Potter.
No, no one is quite sure why Severus didn't push harder for Sirius to be expelled, or why he complied when asked not to tell anyone about Lupin while still in school. One theory is that Dumbledore threatened Snape that any further incident would see him out of Hogwarts rather than the others, and he feared retribution. Or it's possible that he continued trying to get them in worse trouble right up until they left school. Like many aspects of his relationship with James and Sirius, we believe there is more to be revealed regarding this puzzle.
It is generally agreed that the look exchanged between Harry and Snape at the end of GoF signifies that their relationship will change somewhat in the coming books. Many have said that this may well be the first time Snape is seeing Harry as Harry and not an extension of his father or as the arrogant boy he believes Harry to be. Snape knows the kind of situation Harry has just survived and he must be reevaluating his opinion of Harry.
Interested in the general question of why readers like Snape? It's been discussed (33276, 33309, 33320, 33327, 33330, 33346, 33370). Why readers lust after Snape? That too (39101, 39207, 39209, 39213, 39215, 39221, 39266).
Other noteworthy Snape posts
Margaret Dean discusses Snape as a Pharisee (35879).
Porphyria discusses Snape as the Hebrew satan (Essays: Job).
Marina writes everyone's favorite SnapeFilk (35879).
Dicentra describes Snape's kitten (37727).
Debbie (mostly) solves the Potions Protection puzzle (37914). Back to top
A Brief Glossary of Shorthand Terms
- CoS: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
- DADA: Defense Against the Dark Arts
- DE: Death Eater
- GoF: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
- JKR: Joanne K. Rowling
- Marauders: A term HPfGU uses to refer to James, Sirius, Remus and Peter in their Hogwarts days. The term is inspired by the Marauder's Map (note the noun is singular), although it is never used in canon to refer to these characters.
- MWPP: Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot and Prongs; i.e. Remus, Peter, Sirius and James in their Hogwarts days.
- PoA: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
- Prank: The incident in which the sixteen year old Sirius let Snape know how to get past the Whomping Willow, but neglected to mention the raving werewolf he'd find once he did. This is another non-canonical term HPfGU uses; Snape himself calls it "a highly amusing joke" in his inimitable sarcastic style.
- PS/SS: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (British version) or Harry Potter and the Sorceror's Stone (American version)
- Trio: Harry, Ron and Hermione
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What I learned from doing the Snape FAQ
(In no order):
- We talk about Snape a lot.
- If you forget who you're quoting about Snape, say Amanda, Magda, Tabouli, Marina, Eloise, Cindy, Elkins, or Porphyria. Occasionally you might see Lyda Clunas, Margaret Dean, and Lea Mcleod. Very early posts may be Charmian's.
- There was little Snape conversation (at least not that made the subject headers) in the first 1,000 messages. In fact, between message 1 and 1200, there are only two messages featuring Snape in the subject line: message 150 and message 1120.
- There is no message 18163
- Message 33333 is about vampires, but not Snape.
- There is no correlation whatsoever among people who believe more than one of these theories:
- Snape was thwarted in love (Lily, Florence, or other)
- Snape is a vampire/Dementor/troll - partial or full
- Snape will go back as a spy
- Snape enjoys teaching
- Snape is an Animagus (various forms)
- Snape liked/was liked by Slytherins in his posse
- Snape will die
- Snape is a "dufus."
- In the immortal words of Amy Z's husband (or was it Amanda's?): Snape has problems with a capital P.
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Editors' Notes and Acknowledgements
As with all the FAQs, this is no more than a summary of the opinions, observations, and theories of the collective membership of the list. We should also state that the messages were collected by going through the Yahoo Group archive by hand and reading all the messages that featured Snape in the subject header; messages that added a new comment to the discussion were copied into files and set aside. We did not investigate any of the archives brought over from the old group. So this absolutely does not comprise all the conversation there is about Snape--it's just the messages we felt contributed something that hadn't been said before. We hope you enjoy following the links to certain messages we feel are most beneficial, or even browsing the archives yourself.
We would like to thank Parker, Amanda, Eloise, Cindy and everyone else from the FP team who contributed to the writing and editing of this document.
--Gwen and Porphyria
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